What is intra uterine devices and explain all generation? D pharmacy.

INTRA - UTERINE DEVICES (IUD) 

Historical aspects  

           Arabs were the frist to ise the principle in camel. Introduction of small stones into the uterus of camels prevented conception. In 1909,original devices made of silkworm gut was used. In 1929,Gafenbergh, a Gynaecologist used an IUD ande of silver. 

Types of IUD  

1.Frist generation IUDs : Lippe's loop 

2. Second generation IUDs : Copper T

                                                 Copper 7

                                                 Nova T 

                                              Multiload device

3. Third generation IUDs : Progestasert 

First generation IUDs 

                They are inert, non - medicated devices made of polyethylene or other polymers. They appeared in various shaped and size like loops, spirals, coil8 and rings. Lippesloop is commonly used device. 

Advantage

1. Simple and easy insertion 

2. Inexpensive

3. Reversible

4. Does not interfere with sexual                       pleasure

Disadvantage

1. Needs a trained person for                            insertion 

2. Needs adequate follow up

3. Should be replaced periodically                    (2-4 year) 

4. Reraly it can produce cancer of                    uterus or fibroid. 

                Lippe's loop 

Second generation IUDs

              The second generation IUDs are copper containing devices. Older devices are copper -7 and copper T - 200 . Never once are Nova T and Multiload devices. 

Mechanism  

              They act by releasing copper into the uterus. Copper enhances cellular response in endometrium and alters the composition of cervical mucosa. 

Advantages 

1. Low expulsion rate 

2. Lower incidence of side effects like pain and bleed 

3. Easier to fit even in nulliparous women

4. Increased contraceptive effect 

5. Effective as post - coital contraceptive if inserted within 3 to 5 days after intercourse. 

              Copper -T 

                       Nova T 

              Multiload devices

Third generation IUDs 

                   These devices act by releasing a hormone. The currently used device is Progestasert. It is a T - shaped device filled with progesterone, a natural hormone daily in the by releasing 65 micrograms of the hormone daily in the uterus. It has a direct local action on the cervical mucosa and sperms. Since the hormone is gradually depleted, regular replacement of the device is necessary. 

                    Another similar hormonal device is a T - shaped IUD which releases levonorgestrel. It has an effective life of 5 years. 

 

   Wishing you Knowledge📚 

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